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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 39(3): 228-236, July-Sept. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899351

ABSTRACT

Objective: Sedation/somnolence are major side effects of pharmacotherapies for depression, and negatively affect long-term treatment compliance in depressed patients. Use of mirtazapine (MIR), an atypical antidepressant approved for the treatment of moderate to severe depression with comorbid anxiety disorders, is associated with significant sedation/somnolence, especially in short-term therapy. Nonetheless, studies with human subjects suggest that MIR-induced sedation is transient, especially when high and repeated doses are used. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of acute and chronic administration of different doses of MIR on sedation in the rat. Methods: Assessment of sedation was carried out behaviorally using the rotarod, spontaneous locomotor activity, and fixed-bar tests. Results: A 15-mg/kg dose of MIR induced sedative effects for up to 60 minutes, whereas 30 mg/kg or more produced sedation within minutes and only in the first few days of administration. Conclusion: These results suggest that 30 mg/kg is a safe, well-tolerated dose of MIR which generates only temporary sedative effects.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Locomotion/drug effects , Mianserin/analogs & derivatives , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology , Time Factors , Trazodone/administration & dosage , Trazodone/pharmacology , Body Weight/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Rotarod Performance Test/methods , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Mirtazapine , Mianserin/administration & dosage , Mianserin/pharmacology , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 44(10): 1048-1053, Oct. 2011. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-600686

ABSTRACT

It is known that chronic high levels of corticosterone (CORT) enhance aversive responses such as avoidance and contextual freezing. In contrast, chronic CORT does not alter defensive behavior induced by the exposure to a predator odor. Since different defense-related responses have been associated with specific anxiety disorders found in clinical settings, the observation that chronic CORT alters some defensive behaviors but not others might be relevant to the understanding of the neurobiology of anxiety. In the present study, we investigated the effects of chronic CORT administration (through surgical implantation of a 21-day release 200 mg pellet) on avoidance acquisition and escape expression by male Wistar rats (200 g in weight at the beginning of the experiments, N = 6-10/group) tested in the elevated T-maze (ETM). These defensive behaviors have been associated with generalized anxiety and panic disorder, respectively. Since the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine is successfully used to treat both conditions, the effects of combined treatment with chronic imipramine (15 mg, ip) and CORT were also investigated. Results showed that chronic CORT facilitated avoidance performance, an anxiogenic-like effect (P < 0.05), without changing escape responses. Imipramine significantly reversed the anxiogenic effect of CORT (P < 0.05), although the drug did not exhibit anxiolytic effects by itself. Confirming previous observations, imipramine inhibited escape responses, a panicolytic-like effect. Unlike chronic CORT, imipramine also decreased locomotor activity in an open field. These data suggest that chronic CORT specifically altered ETM avoidance, a fact that should be relevant to a better understanding of the physiopathology of generalized anxiety and panic disorder.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Anxiety/drug therapy , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Corticosterone/administration & dosage , Imipramine/administration & dosage , Panic Disorder/drug therapy , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/pharmacology , Corticosterone/pharmacology , Escape Reaction/drug effects , Imipramine/pharmacology , Maze Learning/drug effects , Motor Activity/drug effects , Rats, Wistar
6.
Salud(i)ciencia (Impresa) ; 18(4): 317-322, jun. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-617569

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El empleo de antidepresivos para el tratamiento de los pacientes con trastorno bipolar es discutido. A pesar de la falta de claridad respecto del papel de estos agentes, su administración en la práctica clínica es frecuente, ya sea como monoterapia o en combinación con estabilizadores del estado de ánimo. Hace tres años llevamos a cabo una revisión sobre este tema. Sin embargo, desde ese momento se publicó información adicional de importancia. Objetivo: Efectuar una actualización sobre el empleo de antidepresivos en pacientes con trastorno bipolar mediante la evaluación de toda la información relevante publicada luego de nuestra primera revisión. En el presente artículo analizamos todos los estudios aleatorizados y controlados o abiertos publicados desde agosto de 2007 hasta abril de 2010 donde se evaluó: 1) la eficacia de los antidepresivos en caso de depresión bipolar aguda, 2) el riesgo de viraje maníaco durante el tratamiento antidepresivo y 3) la interrupción de los antidepresivos una vez alcanzada la respuesta al tratamiento agudo. Resultados y discusión: Los hallazgos principales del presente artículo pueden resumirse de la siguiente manera. En primer lugar, algunos antidepresivos pueden ser beneficiosos para el tratamiento agudo de los pacientes con depresión bipolar, especialmente al ser combinados con estabilizadores del estado de ánimo. En segundo lugar, los antidepresivos se asocian con índices elevados de viraje maníaco solo en algunos casos: 1) cuando no se prescriben estabilizadores del estado de ánimo en forma concomitante, 2) cuando se emplean antidepresivos tricíclicos en lugar de antidepresivos de segunda generación y 3) en presencia de síntomas hipomaníacos, aunque sean leves.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Bipolar Disorder/therapy
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(4): 973-977, Dec. 2009. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-536000

ABSTRACT

Few trials have evaluated combination of two or more drugs in the preventive treatment of migraine. In this study three therapeutic regimens were compared: (a) propranolol, at a dose of 40 mg per day, (b) nortriptyline, at a dose of 20 mg per day, and (c) the combination of these two drugs in these dosages. The groups were matched according to age, gender, and frequency of migraine attacks prior to treatment. The period of treatment was two months and the frequency and intensity of headache attacks of the 30 days pre-treatment period were compared with the frequency of headaches in the treatment period. Fourteen patients in groups A and B and sixteen patients in group C have completed the study. Treatment with propranolol, alone or in combination, was shown to be effective. Treatment with nortriptyline alone was not effective. All three therapeutic regimens were safe and side effects were minimal. The frequency of discontinuation of the study was the same in the 3 groups but no patient left the study due to adverse reactions. The combined therapy proved to be as safe as the monotherapy. Further studies evaluating this and other possible combinations of drugs in higher doses and for longer periods, should more clearly elucidate the role of combined therapy in the treatment of migraine.


Poucos ensaios clínicos têm avaliado o tratamento preventivo da migrânea através da combinação de drogas. Neste estudo, três regimes terapêuticos foram comparados: (a) popranolol, na dose de 40 mg por dia, (b) nortriptilina, na dose de 20 mg por dia e (c) combinação destas duas drogas nestas dosagens. Os grupos foram pareados de acordo com idade, sexo e freqüência de crises previamente ao tratamento. O período de tratamento foi de dois meses e a frequência e a intensidade das crises de cefaléia do período pré-tratamento foram comparadas com as do período de tratamento. Concluíram o estudo 14 pacientes do grupo A, 14 do grupo B e 16 do grupo C. Os tratamentos com propranolol, isolado ou em associação mostraram-se eficazes. O tratamento com nortriptilina isolada não se mostrou eficaz para a redução do número de dias com cefaléia. Todos os três regimes terapêuticos foram seguros e os efeitos colaterais foram mínimos. A freqüência de abandono do estudo foi a mesma nos 3 grupos e nenhum paciente abandonou o estudo devido a reações adversas. A terapia combinada mostrou-se tão segura quanto a monoterapia. Estudos futuros avaliando esta e outras possíveis combinações de drogas, em doses maiores e por períodos mais longos, deverão elucidar mais claramente o papel da terapia combinada no tratamento da migrânea.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Nortriptyline/administration & dosage , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Nortriptyline/adverse effects , Propranolol/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
8.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 31(3): 247-252, Sept. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-526264

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Clinical findings suggest that ketamine may be used for the treatment of major depression. The present study aimed to compare behavioral effects and brain Creatine kinase activity in specific brain regions after administration of ketamine and imipramine in rats. METHOD: Rats were acutely given ketamine or imipramine and antidepressant-like activity was assessed by the forced swimming test; Creatine kinase activity was measured in different regions of the brain. RESULTS: The results showed that ketamine (10 and 15mg/kg) and imipramine (20 and 30mg/kg) reduced immobility time when compared to saline group. We also observed that ketamine (10 and 15mg/kg) and imipramine (20 and 30mg/kg) increased Creatine kinase activity in striatum and cerebral cortex. Ketamine at the highest dose (15mg/kg) and imipramine (20 and 30mg/kg) increased Creatine kinase activity in cerebellum and prefrontal cortex. On the other hand, hippocampus was not affected. CONCLUSION: Considering that metabolism impairment is probably involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders, the modulation of energy metabolism (like increase in Creatine kinase activity) by antidepressants could be an important mechanism of action of these drugs.


OBJETIVO: Vários achados clínicos sugerem que a cetamina apresenta efeito antidepressivo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar efeitos comportamentais e a atividade da creatina quinase em regiões específicas do encéfalo após a administração de cetamina e imipramina em ratos. MÉTODO: Ratos Wistar receberam uma administração aguda de cetamina ou imipramina e a atividade antidepressiva foi avaliada pelo teste de nado forçado; a atividade da creatina quinase foi medida em diferentes regiões encefálicas. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que a cetamina (10 e 15mg/kg) e a imipramina (20 e 30mg/kg) diminuíram o tempo de imobilidade quando comparados ao grupo salina. Também foi observado que a cetamina (10 e 15mg/kg) e a imipramina (20 e 30mg/kg) aumentaram a atividade da creatina quinase no estriado e córtex cerebral. A dose mais alta de cetamina (15mg/kg) e a imipramina (20 e 30mg/kg) aumentaram a atividade da creatina quinase no cerebelo e córtex pré-frontal. Por outro lado, o hipocampo não foi alterado. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando que a diminuição no metabolismo provavelmente está envolvida na fisiopatologia da depressão, a modulação do metabolismo energético (como um aumento na atividade da creatina quinase) por antidepressivos pode ser um importante mecanismo de ação destes fármacos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Brain/drug effects , Creatine Kinase/metabolism , Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/administration & dosage , Imipramine/administration & dosage , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Brain/enzymology , Depression/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Rats, Wistar , Stress, Physiological
9.
Dolor ; 18(51): 10-16, jul. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677763

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El dolor neuropático es uno de los sindromes dolorosos más complejos. Su tratamiento farmacológico es refractario a los tratamientos convencionales, pero actualmente el uso de fármacos neuromoduladores, como los gabapentoides, han demostrado efectividad en el manejo analgésico de esta patología, no estando aún descritas en nuestro país las dosis terapéuticas de gabapentoides para el manejo del dolor neuropático. Objetivo: Determinar la dosis de gabapentoides utilizada en el manejo del dolor neuropático en pacientes ambulatorios atendidos en la unidad de dolor y cuidados paliativos del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. Material: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-prospectivo de los pacientes con diagnóstico de dolor neuropático, atendidos ambulatoriamente en la Unidad de Dolor y Cuidados Paliativos, durante el periodo marzo 2008 a febrero del 2009. Se realizó el tratamiento farmacológico en base al modelo de escalera analgésica. Luego del seguimiento, se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas y el tratamiento farmacológico prescrito, definiéndose como eficacia analgésica, disminución en la intensidad del dolor en puntación de escala visual análoga, disminución de puntaje en cuestionario DN4, funcionalidad en escala Karnofsky y mejoría del insomnio. Se realizó análisis con test de Student y test de Wilcoxon para datos emparejados, en programa estadístico Stata versión 10.0 ®, considerando un p-value significativo <0.05. Resultados: Durante el periodo estudiado, ingresaron un total de 96 pacientes. De ellos, cumplieron con criterio de dolor neuropático definitivo y registros completos un total de 86 (89,6 por ciento), los que constituyeron la muestra final de este estudio. Se encontraron 62 (72,1 por ciento) pacientes de sexo femenino, con un promedio de edad de 55,3 +/- 14,8 (28-84) años y 24 (27,9 por ciento) pacientes de sexo masculino con edad promedio de 54,8 +/- 19,3 (18-84), sin diferencias significativas por sexo (p=0,88)...


Introduction: Neuropathic pain is one of the most complex pain disorders and also resistant to conventional drug therapy, however, the use of neuromodulating drugs such as gabapentoid dosage for managing neuropathic pain has not been described in Chile. Objetive: To determine the dose of gabapentoids to has to be used to manage neuropathic pain in outpatients undergoing treatment at the Pain and Palliative Care Unit of Universidad de Chile Hospital. Materials: A descriptive prospective study of outpatients of the Pain and Palliative Care Unit diagnosed with neuropathic pain was conducted within a period of time starting March 2008 through February 2009. Subsequently, demographic, clinical, and drug therapy variables were analyzed, defining as analgesia efficiency the reduction of pain intensity according to the visual analogue scale, a reduced DN4 questionnaire score, functionality in Karnofky scale, and improvements in terms of insomnia. Analysis was made using Student and Wilcoxon test for paired data in statistical program Stata 10.0 ®, with a significant p-value <0.05. Results: A total 96 patients were studied within the term mentioned above. From this total, 86 (89.6 percent) patients complied with a definitive neuropathic pain criterion and full records, wich were the final sample of this study. No significant differences per gender were found among the 62 (72.1 percent) female patients whose average age was 55.3 +/-14.8 (28-84) and the 24 (27.9 percent) male patients whose average age was 54.8 +/- 19.3 (18-84). The main diagnoses were lumbago (16 percent), but no differences per gender were found. The final doses determined after using gabapentoids were 693.3 +/- 367.4 mg. for gabapentin and 168.8 +/- 87.3 for pregabalin. In connection with the instruments applied, the intensity of pain scored according to EVA scale and DN4 scale were significantly reduced (p<0.01) in 61.1 percent (7.2 v/s 2.8) and 68.9 percent (5.8 v/s 1.8), respectively (figures 1...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Pain/drug therapy , Pain Management , Nervous System , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Palliative Care/methods , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
10.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-51638

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Amitriptyline is one of the most common tricyclic antidepressants, which binds to pain sensory nerve fibers close to the sodium channel; hence, it could interact to some degree with receptors of local anesthetics. This study was designed to assess the additional analgesic effects of 2% Amitriptyline local gel administration in irreversible pulpitis pain of the molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial that was performed on 56 consented adult patients who did not receive enough analgesia after a lidocaine nerve block for their tooth pulpitis pain. Patients were treated with 0.2 ml of either 2% amitriptyline or placebo, which was directly injected into their mandibular molar pulp chamber after they had received two routine lidocaine injections. Patients were asked to score their pain as a mark on a 10-cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at different timepoints: 0 (just before gel administration), 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes after the treatments. RESULTS: There was a 92.5% decrease in VAS scores of patients 9 minutes after amitriptyline administration compared to Time 0, while in the placebo group this difference was only 13.5%. Further, in the amitriptyline group, the VAS score at all timepoints was statistically different from Time 0 (P < 0.01). The overall pain reduction and its trend was significantly higher in the amitriptyline group compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Inter-pulp space administration of amitriptyline 2% gel for completing analgesia in irreversible pulpitis pain could be effective and useful as a conjunctive therapy to injections of local anesthetics.


Subject(s)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Amitriptyline/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Dental/methods , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Dental Pulp , Double-Blind Method , Gels , Humans , Injections, Spinal , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Molar , Pain Measurement , Pulpitis/complications , Pulpitis/drug therapy , Toothache/drug therapy , Toothache/etiology , Young Adult
11.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 54(4): 345-349, out.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-656525

ABSTRACT

A dor do membro amputado é uma sequela comum da amputação de um membro do corpo e, até os dias de hoje,a sua etiologia não está totalmente esclarecida. Embora o seu principal mecanismo de ação seja as alterações no Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC), se admite que haja também influência dos mecanismos periféricos e psicológicos.O uso dos adjuvantes, principalmente os antidepressivos tricíclicos (ADT), no tratamento deste tipo de dor crônica, é amplamente realizado, porém sem resultados consistentes ou com comprovação científica. Contudo, ouso dos ADT mostra-se eficaz para tratamento de diversas síndromes álgicas, em parte devido à sua ação central de inibição do transporte neuronal e ao bloqueio do transporte de serotonina nas vias supressoras, fato que antecede o seu mecanismo antidepressivo ou psicotrópico propriamente dito. Este artigo de opinião se destina a propor o uso dos ADT como droga preventiva no tratamento da dor do membro fantasma.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Pain , Phantom Limb , Chronic Disease
12.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 655-659, 2002.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-72664

ABSTRACT

The investigation was aimed to determine prognostic factors related to postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and treatment options for preventing PHN. The data showed 34 (17.0%) out of 188 patients with herpes zoster had severe pain after 4 weeks, and 22 (11.7%) after 8 weeks, compared with 109 (58.0%) at presentation. The age (>or=50 yr), surface area involved (>or=9%), and duration of severe pain (>or=4 weeks) might be the main factors that lead to PHN. On the other hand, gender, dermatomal distribution, accompanied systemic conditions, and interval between initial pain and initiation of treatment might not be implicated in PHN. The subjects were orally received antiviral (valacyclovir), tricyclic antidepressant (amitriptyline), and analgesic (ibuprofen) as the standard treatment in the group 1. In addition to the standard medication, lidocaine solution was sub- and/or perilesionally injected in the group 2, while lidocaine plus prilocaine cream was topically applied to the skin lesions in the group 3. The rates of PHN in the 3 treatment groups were not significantly different, suggesting adjuvant anesthetics may not be helpful to reduce the severity of pain.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acyclovir/administration & dosage , Amitriptyline/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination , Herpes Zoster/complications , Ibuprofen/administration & dosage , Neuralgia/drug therapy , Prognosis , Time Factors , Valine/administration & dosage
13.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-282778

ABSTRACT

O artigo reve alguns pontos sobre o tratamento do transtorno do panico com antidepressivos triciclicos. As indicacoes, vantagens e desvantagens desse grupo...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Panic Disorder/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage
14.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 36(5/6): 127-33, set.-dez. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-277460

ABSTRACT

Migrânea é uma desordem caracterizada por cefaléias episódicas associadas a sintomas com náuseas, vômitos, fotofobia, fonofobia e fraqueza. Ë uma das queixas mais comuns encontradas por médicos gerais e neurologistas, com prevalência estimada em 12 por cento da populaçäo e predomínio em mulheres. Ë um distúrbio que pode incapacitar os pacientes de realizar atividades usuais, determinando significante impacto econômico. Há três formas principais de manejo desta doença: evitar os potenciais fatores desencadeantes da cefaléia, tratamento efetivo das crises agudas com medicaçöes adequadas e uso regular das medicaçöes preventivas. Apesar de mudanças no estilo de vida e alternativas näo farmacológicas podem ajudar a impedir algumas crises, o suporte principal é o uso precoce das medicaçöes. Atualmente, há uma grande variedade de drogas disponíveis, abrangendo desde os antiinflamatórios näo esteróides (AINEs) até novas drogas mais efetivas, como os agonistas serotoninérgicos 5HTIB/ID ou triptanos. O objetivo desta revisäo é sumarizar as informaçöes presentes na literatura a respeito dos mais diversos esquemas farmacológicos disponíveis para o tratamento agudo e preventivo migrânea


Subject(s)
Humans , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Migraine Disorders/drug therapy , Migraine Disorders/prevention & control , Calcium Channel Blockers/administration & dosage , Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Ergotamine/administration & dosage , Ergotamine/therapeutic use
15.
An. otorrinolaringol. mex ; 43(4): 171-5, sept.-nov. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-232830

ABSTRACT

Propósito: Valorar el efecto de un antidepresivo tricíclico (clomipramina) sobre la severidad de la disfemia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado prospectivo y longitudinal en pacientes disfémicos. El diagnóstico de disfemia se estableció mediante un estudio clínico estandarizado del habla. Se seleccionaron 32 pacientes disfémicos. Los pacientes se dividieron al azar en dos grupos. Diecisiete pacientes se incluyeron en el primer grupo (experimental-clopramina). El segundo grupo (control-placebo) se formó con 15 pacientes. El rango de edad de los pacientes fue de 6 a 21 años con una mediana de 15 años en el primer grupo y de 14 años en el segundo grupo. Mediante un procedimiento ciego, al primer grupo se le administró clomipramina. Al segundo grupo se le administró placebo. Ambos grupos de pacientes recibieron terapia foniátrica y fueron seguidos por un período de 6 meses. Resultados: La frecuencia de pacientes que mostraron mejoría clínica (94 por ciento) en el grupo de pacientes tratados con Clomipramina, fue significativamente mayor (p menor que 0.05) en comparación con la frecuencia de mejoría (60 por ciento) en el grupo que recibió placebo. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el manejo neurofarmacológico a base de clomipramina puede considerarse una alternativa adecuada, como parte del manejo multidisciplinario del paciente con disfemia


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Clomipramine/therapeutic use , Stuttering/classification , Stuttering/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome
16.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 47(10): 523-35, out. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-229566

ABSTRACT

Os transtornos relacionados ao estresse pós-traumático - transtorno de estresse pós-traumático e transtorno agudo de estresse - têm recebido cada vez maior atençäo de clínicos e pesquisadores. Um quadro típico de sintomas surge após um indivíduo ver, estar envolvido, ou apenas ouvir sobre um evento extremamente estressor. As principais características clínicas säo a recordaçäo aflitiva do trauma, um padräo de evitaçäo de estímulos relacionados ao trauma e distanciamento afetivo, e uma constante hiperestimulaçäo autonômica. O tratamento envolve psicoterapia cognitivo-comportamental e o uso de psicofármacos


Subject(s)
Humans , Amitriptyline/administration & dosage , Amitriptyline/therapeutic use , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/drug therapy , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy , Imipramine/administration & dosage , Imipramine/therapeutic use , Phenelzine/administration & dosage , Phenelzine/therapeutic use , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Clonidine/therapeutic use , Fluoxetine/administration & dosage , Fluoxetine/therapeutic use , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Propranolol/therapeutic use
17.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 34(2): 39-42, mar.-abr. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-220857

ABSTRACT

O tratamento da narcolepsia visa seus dois sintomas principais, a sonolência excessiva diurna e a cataplexia. A primeira é usualmente controlada com anfetmina, metilfenidato e pemoline. Mais recentemente, inibidores da MAO, e principalmente os inibidores seletivos de MAO-A e B têm mostrado resultados promissores, com a selegilina. Modafinil, um estimulante alfa-1-adrenérgico tem também evidenciado bons resultados. A cataplexia, por sua vez, é geralmente tratada com antidepressivos tricíclicos. Dentre as novas drogas, sem efeito colateral antropínico, temos o hidrocloreto de viloxazina, um bloqueador de recaptaçäo da noradrenalina


Subject(s)
Humans , Amphetamine , Amphetamine/therapeutic use , Cataplexy/drug therapy , Sleep Wake Disorders/drug therapy , Methylphenidate , Methylphenidate/therapeutic use , Narcolepsy/drug therapy , Pemoline , Pemoline/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors , Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Selegiline , Selegiline/therapeutic use
18.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 47(1): 39-45, jan. 1998.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-229541

ABSTRACT

O transtorno bipolar tipo II (TB II) caracteríza-se pela alternância de fases hipomaníacas e depressivas. Sua relaçäo com o transtorno bipolar tipo I (TB I), no qual episódios maníacos também estäo presentes, é incerta. Estudos de agragaçäo familiar sugerem que o TB II possa ser geneticamente heterogêneo, incluindo variedades relacionadas ao TB I e autônomas. O curso clínico do TB II é muitas vezes agravado por fenômenos como a ciclagem rápida e sazonalidade. Os episódios depressivos do TB II tendem a ter características atípicas, como hipersônia e hiperfagia. O TB II também pode ser trazido à atençäo do profissional de saúde por conta de comorbidades, como a dependência de álcool e drogas, por uma tendência a relacionamentos conflituosos ou por desempenho acadêmico ou profissional aquém do esperado. O tratamento farmacológico se assemelha ao do transtorno bipolar tipo I. Lítio e valproato säo utilizados para tratamento da hipomania embora o primeiro näo seja täo efetivo como quando é empregado para o tratamento de episódios maníacos. Antidepressivos säo utilizados para o tratamento de episódios depressivos mas suspeita-se que possam induzir episódios maníacos e ciclagem rápida. As manifestaçöes clínicas do Transtorno Bipolar II podem resultar no diagnóstico de Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline e consequêntemente tratamento inadequado do paciente


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Valproic Acid/administration & dosage , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Borderline Personality Disorder , Disorders of Excessive Somnolence , Hyperphagia , Mood Disorders
19.
Psiquiatr. biol ; 5(2): 85-97, jun. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-222952

ABSTRACT

Se presenta una evolucion historica del concepto de TDAH, asi como los origenes de su comprensión biológica. Se consideran aspectos neurofisiológicos de la atención, para luego revisar algunos modelos biológicosdel TDAH, áreas anatómicas, circuitos, neurotransmisión. Se estudia un correlato biológico, clínico y terapéutico del trastorno. Se incluyen fundamentos de su farmacoterapia


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Clinical Diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/etiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/drug therapy , Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Psychotropic Drugs/administration & dosage
20.
Psiquiatr. biol ; 5(1): 17-22, mar. 1997.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-187230

ABSTRACT

No presente artigo é apresentado um caso de dependência à amineptine em um homem de 27 anos, com dois anos de uso do medicamento e ingerindo cerca de 12 gramas ao dia, atualmente. Faz-se revisao da literatura recente relativa a essa ocorrência. Sao apresentados o motivo da consulta e a história pregressa, bem como o quadro clínico encontrado e o tratamento realizado. Discutem-se o diagnóstico e a condiçao neuropsicofarmacológica determinada pela amineptina. Nao houve registro de danos cerebrais no presente caso. Ao final, fazem-se recomendaçoes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/therapeutic use , Depression/drug therapy , Substance-Related Disorders , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/administration & dosage , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy
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